How to Deploy Magento 2 on Docker?

In the dynamic landscape of e-commerce, Magento 2 stands out as a robust and feature-rich platform, empowering businesses to create seamless online experiences. Docker, on the other hand, revolutionizes the deployment process by providing containerized environments. This article will guide you through the process of deploying Magento 2 on Docker, ensuring a smooth and efficient setup for your online store.

Prerequisites:
Before diving into the deployment process, make sure you have Docker and Docker Compose installed on your system. You can easily download and install them from the official Docker website.

Step 1: Clone Magento 2 Repository:
Begin by cloning the Magento 2 GitHub repository to your local machine using the following command:

git clone https://github.com/magento/magento2.git

Navigate to the Magento 2 directory:

cd magento2

Step 2: Create Docker Compose File:
Next, create a docker-compose.yml file in the Magento 2 directory. You can use your preferred text editor. Here's a basic example:

version: '3'
services:
  web:
    image: nginx:alpine
    ports:
      - "80:80"
    volumes:
      - ./app:/var/www/html
  php:
    image: php:7.4-fpm
    volumes:
      - ./app:/var/www/html
  db:
    image: mysql:5.7
    environment:
      MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD: example
      MYSQL_DATABASE: magento
      MYSQL_USER: magento
      MYSQL_PASSWORD: magento

This configuration includes Nginx as the web server, PHP 7.4 as the PHP processor, and MySQL 5.7 as the database.

Step 3: Build and Run Containers:
Execute the following commands to build and run the Docker containers:

docker-compose up -d

This command will start the containers in the background. Ensure that the necessary images are downloaded and the containers are up and running.

Step 4: Install Magento 2:
Access the Magento 2 container's bash shell:

docker exec -it <container_name> bash

Navigate to the Magento root directory:

cd /var/www/html

Run the Magento 2 installation command:

composer install
bin/magento setup:install \
--base-url=http://localhost/ \
--db-host=db \
--db-name=magento \
--db-user=magento \
--db-password=magento \
--admin-firstname=admin \
--admin-lastname=admin \
--admin-email=admin@example.com \
--admin-user=admin \
--admin-password=admin123 \
--language=en_US \
--currency=USD \
--timezone=America/New_York \
--use-rewrites=1

Step 5: Access Magento 2:
Once the installation is complete, open your web browser and navigate to http://localhost/. You should see the Magento 2 setup page. Follow the on-screen instructions to complete the setup.

Step 6: Additional Configuration (Optional):
Customize your Magento 2 deployment further by tweaking the Docker Compose file or exploring additional configurations based on your requirements.

Congratulations! You have successfully deployed Magento 2 on Docker, leveraging the power of containerization for a scalable and efficient e-commerce platform. Feel free to explore additional Docker features and Magento configurations to optimize your online store's performance.